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Exhale Condensation Calculator


If the temperature is low enough or the humidity high, you can observe condensation (i.e., "fog") forming in your exhaled breath. This calculator estimates whether your exhaled breath will condense, and if so, the range of mixing ratios for which the "fog" will form and the maximum condensed water content (the higher it is, the "thicker" the condensation).

If you're interested, there is a much more detailed explanations of the condensation process.

Exhaled Condensation Calculator
Using the above equations, we can calculate whether the exhaled air will condense. Enter the conditions of the outside air (and modify the exhaled air parameters if you wish), to see whether your breath will condense, or not.

Snow probability calculator


Based on the analysis of whether falling snow will melt as it descends, it is possible to estimate the probability falling precipitation will be snow, or not.

Snow Probability Calculator
Air Temperature:

Water Rocket Simulator


Enter the parameters of your model, and launch it!

Enter your water rocket parameters:

Empty rocket weight (i.e., without water)
 M0
 Kg
Initial amout of water
 Mw
 Kg
Time to empty water
 Tw
 s
Nozzle velocity
 V0
 m/s
Gravitational Constant
 g
 m/s2
Drag Coefficient (~0.5 for smooth cylinder)
 Cd
Simulation Duration
 Ttot
 s
Number of time steps in integration
 N



If you are interested in the actual equations solved, visit the water rocket equations page.

Pension Fund Calculator


Ever needed to estimate how large will your retirement fund be once you retire? Ever wondered how much the fund is making off of you? Here is a calculator to estimate it.

The parameters in the calculation are:
  • Years of pension payment - The number of years you plan to work and accrue a pension
  • Market Interest - The yearly earnings you think (or hope...) your fund will make. If you want the value of the fund with respect to the current day currency value, enter the nominal percentage yield minus the average inflation you expect (for different countries, these numbers are different). If you want to know the value in units of the currency value at retirement (which is meaningless, since the cost of living will be higher too) do not subtract the inflation.
  • Salary per month - Usually, this is the gross salary (before taxes) since the fraction which goes to pension funds is usually calculated from the gross not the net. Also, there is no currency here. If you live in North America, enter the salary in $US. If you live in South Africa, enter the salary in Rands, and so forth. The calculated value will be in the same currency you used.
  • Salary increase rate - Enter the yearly increase rate you expect for your salary. As with the market interest rate, if you wish a real value for the pension in current day currency, use the nominal increase minus the inflation rate.
  • Maximum Salary per month - If you are not self employed, there is probably a maximum salary in your organization which you could ever hope to get at some point...
  • Salary going to pension - The fraction [out of 1] of your "Salary per month" which is goes to the pension fund. Note that this value can be larger than your actual payments. This is because your employer (if you are not self employed) could be transferring payments to the fund as well.
  • Fraction of the payment going to insurance - In many pension funds, some of the money is not accrued and instead it is used to insure you in case something bad happens. This number is a fraction out of the payments.
  • Payment commission - This is the fraction of the payment (in percentage) which is immediately gone, taken by your fund. In different countries, this value can be anywhere from 0 to a few percent.
  • Yearly commission - This is the fraction of the accrued funds which every year is lost, taken by your fund
  • Fixed monthly fund payment - Is there a fixed monthly payment, a "handling" surcharge?
At the end of the calculation, you'll find an estimate for the value of your fund at retirement, and also the extra money you could have had if your fund would have worked for free.
Pension Fund Calculator
Years of pension payment:
Market Interest Rate:
Initial salary per month:
Salary increase rate [%/yr]:
Maximum salary per month:
Payment commission [% of payment]
Fraction of salary going to pension:
Yearly commission [% of fund/yr]
Fraction of payments going to insurance:
Fixed monthly fund payment:


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